According to Isaiah, what do the ox and donkey know?

In the book of Isaiah, specifically Isaiah 1:3, it is stated that "The ox knows its owner, and the donkey its master's crib." This verse emphasizes the idea that animals, despite being less intelligent than humans, have a recognition of where they belong and who provides for them. The significance of this observation serves as a rebuke to Israel for their lack of understanding and recognition of God as their creator and the one who cares for them.

The correct understanding of the verse highlights the contrast between the instinctual knowledge of the ox and donkey and Israel's failure to acknowledge their relationship with God. This lack of awareness of their spiritual state and dependence on God is a theme prevalent throughout the book of Isaiah. In this context, the animals’ knowledge of their owners and homes is a metaphor for the need for the people to recognize their covenant relationship with God, which they have neglected.